What Is Depression?
Depression, medically known as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), is a common but serious mood disorder that affects how a person feels, thinks, and functions on a daily basis. It is marked by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyable activities. Depression can affect physical health, work, relationships, and overall quality of life.
It’s important to understand that depression is not a sign of weakness or something one can simply “snap out of.” It is a real medical condition requiring understanding, support, and proper care.
Signs and Symptoms
Depression symptoms can vary in intensity and duration, but they typically include:
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Persistent sadness or a “heavy” mood
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Feelings of emptiness, worthlessness, or guilt
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Hopelessness or helplessness
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Loss of interest in hobbies or daily activities
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Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
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Fatigue or low energy
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Changes in appetite or weight (increase or decrease)
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Sleep disturbances (insomnia or oversleeping)
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Psychomotor agitation or slowing
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Aches, pains, or digestive issues without a clear cause
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Withdrawal from friends and family
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Neglecting responsibilities or personal hygiene
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Thoughts of death or suicide
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Self-harm or reckless behavior
For a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder, these symptoms must persist for at least two weeks and significantly impair daily functioning.
Types of Depression
Classic form of depression with episodes lasting weeks to months
Chronic, low-grade depression lasting two years or more
Depression triggered by seasonal changes, most commonly during winter
Affects women after childbirth due to hormonal and emotional changes
Severe depressive symptoms linked to menstrual cycles
Mood may improve temporarily in response to positive events, with symptoms like increased appetite and sleep
Who Is Affected?
Depression can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, or background. However, higher-risk groups include:
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Women (especially postpartum or during hormonal changes)
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Individuals with chronic illnesses or pain
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LGBTQ+ communities (due to stigma and discrimination)
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Adolescents and elderly individuals
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Those with a history of trauma or abuse
Causes and Risk Factors
Depression arises from a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors:
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Imbalances in brain chemicals (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine)
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Hormonal changes (thyroid, postpartum, menopause)
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Genetics (family history of depression or other mood disorders)
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Early childhood trauma or neglect
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Chronic stress, loss, or abuse
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Negative thought patterns or low self-esteem
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Lack of social support or isolation
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Substance abuse
While triggers may vary, the internal impact of depression is profound and often invisible.
Impact on Daily Life
Depression affects nearly every aspect of functioning:
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Work and School: Decreased productivity, absenteeism, or job loss
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Social Life: Withdrawal from friends, family, or social settings
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Physical Health: Compromised immunity, cardiovascular issues
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Relationships: Communication breakdown, emotional disconnection
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Mental Clarity: Difficulty with memory, attention, or decision-making
If untreated, depression can become disabling and increase the risk of suicide.
Diagnosis and Evaluation
Diagnosis typically involves:
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Clinical interviews and standardized questionnaires (e.g., PHQ-9)
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Ruling out medical conditions (thyroid disorders, vitamin deficiencies)
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Mental health screening for co-occurring conditions
Early diagnosis leads to better outcomes and a wider range of treatment options.
Co-occurring Conditions
Depression frequently coexists with:
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Anxiety disorders
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Substance use disorders
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PTSD or trauma-related conditions
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Bipolar disorder
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Eating disorders
Treating all coexisting conditions simultaneously improves long-term stability.
When to Seek Help
Seek immediate support if you or someone you know:
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Experiences persistent sadness for more than two weeks
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Withdraws from daily life, work, or social contact
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Has thoughts of self-harm or suicide
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Shows dramatic mood changes or hopelessness
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Cannot cope with daily stressors or responsibilities
Early intervention is not only helpful—it can be life-saving.
How Calida Rehab Supports Individuals With Depression
Calida Rehab offers specialized, evidence-based care for individuals struggling with depression. Our approach includes:
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and other psychotherapies
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Medication management (when required)
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Group therapy and peer support
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Mindfulness, yoga, and holistic therapies
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24/7 emotional support in a secure environment
Our centers in Pune, Mumbai, and Karjat offer safe, non-judgmental spaces where healing begins with connection and trust.
Frequently Asked Questions - FAQs
No. Sadness is a temporary emotion. Depression is a persistent and medically recognized disorder that affects all aspects of life.
Sometimes mild cases improve, but most require treatment and support for full recovery.
No. Antidepressants are not habit-forming, but they should be prescribed and monitored by a professional.
Yes, especially in mild to moderate cases. Severe depression may require a combination of therapy and medication.
Absolutely. With the right treatment plan, many people lead fulfilling and successful lives.
Final Word
Depression can feel like a silent weight—but it is not a life sentence. Understanding the condition, recognizing its symptoms, and seeking support are the first courageous steps toward healing. You are not alone. Help is available, and hope is real.